If you're self-employed, a freelancer, or earn income not subject to withholding, you're required to pay estimated taxes quarterly. Missing these payments can result in penalties from the IRS.
Who Needs to Pay?
You generally need to make quarterly estimated tax payments if you expect to owe at least $1,000 in taxes for the year after subtracting withholding and credits.
2025 Due Dates
- Q1 (Jan 1 – Mar 31): Due April 15, 2025
- Q2 (Apr 1 – May 31): Due June 16, 2025
- Q3 (Jun 1 – Aug 31): Due September 15, 2025
- Q4 (Sep 1 – Dec 31): Due January 15, 2026
How Much to Pay
The safest approach is to pay 100% of last year's tax liability (or 110% if your AGI exceeded $150,000). This is known as the "safe harbor" rule and protects you from underpayment penalties even if you owe more at filing.
How to Pay
You can pay online through IRS Direct Pay, the Electronic Federal Tax Payment System (EFTPS), or by mailing a check with Form 1040-ES.
